![]() You can look for the “d=” domain or "i=" under DKIM to see if it matches the from address. An email may have more than one DKIM signature, especially if you are using forwarding. ![]() Control the SPF used for email authentication.This will be similar to DMARC in that if the return path passed SPF, it’s probably legitimate, if not it could go either way. Email blasts with high bounce rates were probably sent to purchased lists, which could hurt the ESP’s reputation. Monitor the number of bounces an email blast gets. ![]() ![]() The return path should be the same as the from address, but some ESPs use their own domain in the return path. If the email can’t be delivered to the recipient (often because the "to" address is not a real email address), then a failure message is sent back to the return path address. The return path domain is the “bounce address,” or the return address for the email. SPF: you need to look at the domain that was evaluated, which will be the one marked “return path.” The return path domain should match the from address domain, but it may not depending on the ESP used to send the message. However, the domain may also be missing SPF and DKIM. You could attempt to verify senders for domains that have no DMARC using this step. If you want to keep digging, you can also look at SPF and DKIM. You can also use this step for emails from Quarantine and Reject domains as a double check. A step further: If the policy was none (or the percentage is less than 100%), then you need to go a little further to determine if the email passed authentication. If the percentage is less than 100%, you will need to look further. The default is 100%, so if none is specified, you can assume all of that domain’s emails were evaluated with that DMARC policy. The percentage tells the ISP what percentage of the domain’s emails it should enforce the DMARC policy for. Note on percentages (ptc=): pay attention to the percentage on the DMARC policy. It would seem they don’t have anything worth communicating to you after all. The domain owner has not prioritized security and left you with no way to confirm you’re communicating with the correct person. If you can’t do that, we’d suggest you don’t trust the email. No Policy:? If the domain is not using DMARC, there’s no way for you to verify the email other than calling the sender.Emails that fail DMARC are delivered as usual when the policy is None. None: ?if the policy is None, you won’t be able to tell if it’s legitimate or not without looking further.Emails that fail DMARC are delivered to the spam folder when the policy is Quarantine. Quarantine: ?if the policy is Quarantine and the email landed in your inbox, it is probably legitimate.Emails that fail DMARC are not delivered when the policy is Reject. Reject: ?if the policy is Reject and the email landed in your inbox, then it is extremely likely that it is a legitimate email.The policy for subdomains can either be a separate policy or included with the policy for the main domain. If you check the subdomain, and there is no policy, check the main domain next. Note on subdomains: businesses may use subdomains to send email (i.e vs ). Hopefully, the DMARC policy will help you determine if it’s legitimate or malicious. Step 2 check the domain’s DMARC policy Copy the from address and use Fraudmarc’s DMARC checker to see what that domain’s DMARC policy is. You may be able to do this with a search engine or from looking at other emails you have previously received from that company. If you are not sure what the domain should be, you may want to confirm that it is the right email domain for that company. These domains could pass DMARC based on the cousin domain and still be malicious. or ) can set up email authentication for their malicious domains. NOTE: this step is important because attackers using cousin domains (look-a-like domains that can fool people by appearing to be a particular business- e.g. If it’s something completely off the wall, it could be a phishing attack. Sometimes businesses don’t use the domain we would expect to send emails. Is it what you would expect for the domain of that company? If so, that doesn’t necessarily guarantee it’s legitimate. Does the from address make sense? Make sure there are no “typos” or misspellings in the from address domain (the domain is everything after the If the company name is misspelled in the from address, that's not a typo.
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